Journal: BioMed Research International

Article Title: Antifatigue Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea Cultured Mycelium via Modulation of Oxidative Stress Signaling in a Mouse Model

doi: 10.1155/2017/9374026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-week AC treatment upregulated the levels of phosphor-Akt and phosphor-AMPK and suppressed the expression of phosphor-mTOR in (a) livers and (b) skeletal muscle of mice with 60 min swimming. The data on quantified protein expression were normalized to the expressions of GAPDH. The data are expressed as means ± SEM ( n = 6) and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 in a comparison with the control mice.

Article Snippet: Immunoblotting was detected using primary antibodies including phosphor- (P-) Akt (07-1398), total- (T-) mTOR (04-385), P-mTOR (09-213) (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), T-Akt (ab131443), T-AMPK (ab133348), and P-AMPK (ab133348) (Abcam, Cambridge, USA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (sc-25778) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, USA) via incubation overnight at 4°C followed by washing in TBST buffer containing 5% BSA and 0.1% Tween-20.

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison, Control

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Curcumin induces apoptosis by inhibiting BCAT1 expression and mTOR signaling in cytarabine-resistant myeloid leukemia cells

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12204

Figure Lengend Snippet: Curcumin inhibits BCAT1 expression and mTOR signaling in R-HL60 cells. (A) R-HL60 cells were treated with 0–50 µM curcumin for 24 h. (B) R-HL60 cells were treated with curcumin at a concentration of 50 µM for 2–48 h. Curcumin caused the reduction of the ratio of p-mTOR/t-mTOR and BCAT1 protein expression levels. The data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments with triple replicates and were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test to determine the differences of multiple groups. Bonferroni was used as a post hoc test. *P<0.05 the experimental group vs. the vehicle control group. BCAT1, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1; R-, resistant; p-, phosphorylated; t-, total.

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) containing 0.1% Tween-20 for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated overnight with primary antibodies against human phosphorylated (p)-mTOR (ser2448; 1:1,000; Arigo Biolaboratories; cat. no. ARG40666), total (t)-mTOR (1:1,000; Arigo Biolaboratories; cat. no. ARG57640), BCAT1 (1:3,000; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.; cat. no. 12822), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP 1; 1:2,000; Abcam; cat. no. ab32138), cleaved (c)-PARP 1 (1:15,000; Abcam; cat. no. ab32064) and GAPDH (1:30,000; Ambion; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.; cat. no. AM4300) at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Curcumin induces apoptosis by inhibiting BCAT1 expression and mTOR signaling in cytarabine-resistant myeloid leukemia cells

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12204

Figure Lengend Snippet: mTOR and BCAT1 pathways can modulate each other and regulate apoptosis. R-HL60 cells were treated with (A) 10 µM PP242 for 24 h or (B) 80 µM BCATc inhibitor 2 for 48 h, and p-mTOR, t-mTOR, PARP1, c-PARP1 and BCAT1 protein expression levels were detected using western blotting. Both PP242 and BCATc inhibitor 2 significantly decreased the ratio of p-mTOR/t-mTOR, PARP1 and BCAT1 expression and significantly induced c-PARP1 expression. The data were compared with the vehicle control group (DMSO) and represented the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments with triple replicates per experiment. Paired t-tests was used to determine the differences between the experimental and control groups. *P<0.05 the experimental group vs. the vehicle control group. BCATi, BCATc inhibitor 2; BCAT, branched-chain amino acid transaminase; R-, resistant; p-, phosphorylated; t-, total; c-, cleaved; PARP 1, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1.

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) containing 0.1% Tween-20 for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated overnight with primary antibodies against human phosphorylated (p)-mTOR (ser2448; 1:1,000; Arigo Biolaboratories; cat. no. ARG40666), total (t)-mTOR (1:1,000; Arigo Biolaboratories; cat. no. ARG57640), BCAT1 (1:3,000; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.; cat. no. 12822), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP 1; 1:2,000; Abcam; cat. no. ab32138), cleaved (c)-PARP 1 (1:15,000; Abcam; cat. no. ab32064) and GAPDH (1:30,000; Ambion; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.; cat. no. AM4300) at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Curcumin induces apoptosis by inhibiting BCAT1 expression and mTOR signaling in cytarabine-resistant myeloid leukemia cells

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12204

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of curcumin regulating apoptosis via the BCAT1 and mTOR pathways. BCAT1, branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1.

Article Snippet: The membranes were blocked with 5% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) containing 0.1% Tween-20 for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated overnight with primary antibodies against human phosphorylated (p)-mTOR (ser2448; 1:1,000; Arigo Biolaboratories; cat. no. ARG40666), total (t)-mTOR (1:1,000; Arigo Biolaboratories; cat. no. ARG57640), BCAT1 (1:3,000; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.; cat. no. 12822), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP 1; 1:2,000; Abcam; cat. no. ab32138), cleaved (c)-PARP 1 (1:15,000; Abcam; cat. no. ab32064) and GAPDH (1:30,000; Ambion; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.; cat. no. AM4300) at 4°C.

Techniques: